2024 Scalar inference

Scalar inference

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August undefined, 2024

WebMay 16, 2013 · Scalar inference is the phenomenon whereby the use of a less informative term (e.g., some of) is inferred to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g., to … Webscalar implicatures. Speakers are presumed to make the strongest statement they legitimately can, with the result that the assertion of a weak claim implies the denial of a …

Scalar implicature: Inference, convention, and dual processes

Webinference generates creates a double negation, which is eliminated giving possibly. Accounting for these sorts of examples, and more complicated scalar cases, has been, … Weblar inference is dependent on the conversational context. At one extreme lies the defaultist view, which holds that scalar inferences are automatically triggered upon encoun-tering scalar expressions. From the standpoint of computa-tional efﬁciency, this could explain the seeming speed and automaticity with which scalar interpretations arise ... coupons for diaper genie

Processing of Scalar Inferences by Mandarin Learners of English …

WebAbstract. Rates of scalar inference, whereby the utterance of a weaker term (e.g., some) leads hearers to infer the negation of a stronger term (all), have been found to vary substantially across lexical scales. For instance, the some but not all scalar inference arises much more robustly than good but not excellent. WebDec 23, 2024 · Scalar inferences are ubiquitous in human reasoning. Correspondingly, language has many means of expressing and encoding them. One of these means is the focus particle even, which utilizes scalar inferences to signal the pragmatic status of asserted content as noteworthy. WebMay 16, 2013 · Scalar inference is the phenomenon whereby the use of a less informative term (e.g., some of) is inferred to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g., to … coupons for dick blick

Informativeness, Relevance and Scalar Implicature

Inclusivity-Exclusivity Inference Using Recurrent Neural …

WebApr 7, 2024 · Scalar inferences (SI) are a signature example of how humans interpret language based on unspoken alternatives. While empirical studies have demonstrated that human SI rates are highly variable -- both within instances of a single scale, and across different scales -- there have been few proposals that quantitatively explain both cross- … WebJan 1, 2016 · Reference and Cognitive Status: Scalar Inference and Typology. In book: Information Structure and Spoken Language in a Cross-LInguistic Perspective (pp.33-53) Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter. Editors ... brian creaseyWebon scalar inference to a di erent kind of pragmatic inference: it-cleft exhaustivity. For both inferences, we ﬁnd that under QUDs that bias towards calculation, there is no increase in reaction times, but under QUDs that bias against calculating the … brian crayton indianapolis

"WebDec 17, 2024 · Several studies have found that the computation of this scalar inference may be associated with a processing cost (e.g., Bott & Noveck, 2004; De Neys & Schaeken, 2007), which seems to argue in... " - Scalar inference

Scalar inference

Scalar Implicature and Local Pragmatics - University of Chicago

WebThe theory of scalar implicatures as default GCIs combines four claims: (a) These inferences are made by default, irrespective of the context, and cancelled when the context demands (b) The... WebCalculate Scalar Consumption: receives information about the scalar reading and calculates the consumption as appropriate. Algorithms for this event typically support calculating the consumption using a stop and start reading or backing into a reading using consumption and a start reading. Much like the interval counterpart it will apply the ...

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http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~vh/courses/LexicalSemantics/Scalar/carston-informativeness.pdf WebJan 9, 2024 · Scalar implicatures involve inferring the use of a less informative term (e.g. some) to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g. not all).A growing body of recent research on the derivation of scalar implicatures by adult second language (L2) learners shows that while they are successful in acquiring the knowledge of scalar …

WebDec 17, 2024 · Scalar inferences occur when a weaker statement like It’s warm is used when a stronger one like It’s hot could have been used instead, resulting in the inference that … WebApr 10, 2024 · Some studies have shown that ‘scalar implicature’ – that some implies ‘some but not all’ – poses a challenge even to nine-year-olds, while others find success by age …

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~vh/courses/LexicalSemantics/Scalar/carston-informativeness.pdf WebOct 18, 2024 · The pragmatic enrichment from some to “some but not all” is a representative example of so-called scalar inference (SI), and although there is controversy about the status of SIs, many believe that it involves a pragmatic enrichment of literal meaning. 1 To the extent that SI is pragmatic, researchers, following on from Grice (1967, 1989 ...

WebScalar inference, the process by which we infer meanings stronger than what was explicitly said, has long been a central topic of investigation in theoretical semantics-pragmatics, …

WebThe next section shows how confidence intervals and p p -values for scalar parameters can be calculated from multiply imputed data. 2.4.2 Scalar inference Single parameter inference applies if k = 1 k = 1, or if k >1 k > 1 and the test is repeated for each of the k k components. brian crease fieldWebJan 11, 2016 · Scalar inferences represent the condition when a speaker uses a weaker expression such as some in a pragmatic scale like , and s/he has the intention to reject the stronger use of the other word like all in the utterance. Considerable disagreement has arisen concerning how interlocutors derive the inferences. coupons for diapers and wipes printableWebMar 27, 2024 · We first show that an LSTM-based sentence encoder trained on an English dataset of human inference strength ratings is able to predict ratings with high accuracy … coupons for diapers printableScalar implicatures typically arise where the speaker qualifies or scales their statement with language that conveys to the listener an inference or implicature that indicates that the speaker had reasons not to use a stronger, more informative, term. For example, where a speaker uses the term "some" in the statement, "Some students can afford a new car.", the use of "some" gives rise to an inference or implicature that "Not all students can afford a new car." brian creagerWebJan 11, 2016 · Scalar inferences represent the condition when a speaker uses a weaker expression such as somein a pragmatic scale like , and s/he has the intention … brian craytonWeb2.1 Previous Work in Computational Modeling of Scalar Inference Previous work in predicting scalar inference has relied on Bayesian game-theoretic models of pragmatic reasoning (i.e. using Bayesian inference to recover speakers’ intended meaning). Popular models include the rational speech act (RSA) model of language understanding, which … coupons for dickies websiteWebScalar inference is the phenomenon whereby the use of a less informative term (e.g., some of) is inferred to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g., to mean not all of).Default processing accounts assume that the interpretation of some of as meaning not all of is realized easily and automatically (regardless of context), whereas context-driven … brian creason